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Networking Devices

 What is the use of network devices ?

 - Network Devices or internetworking devices are used to establish a network connection inside the corporate environment. Take  a look at the concept of internetworking devices and how they work.

-NIC - NIC stands for network interface card. It is indeed a circuit board or a card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. Actually the network interface card provides the computer with a dedicated, full-time connection to a network. NIC specifically designed for the LAN transmission technology. also there is WLAN.

 -Repeater - Repeater is a network device, which used to regenerate or replicate a signal. It removes unwanted noise in an incoming signal. Unlike analog signal, the original digital signal, even id weak or distorted, can be clearly perceived and restored. Repeater operates at layer 1 of OSI.
 - HUB - Basically a hub is a common connection point for devices in a network. Hub are commonly used to connect segment of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. when packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets. Hub operates at layer 1 of OSI.


  - Bridge - Bridge devices inspect incoming  network traffic and determine whether to forward or discard it according  to its intended destination. An ethernet bridge, for example , inspect each ethernet frame - including the source and destination MAC addresses, and sometimes the frame size -in making individual forward decisions. Bridge devices operate at the data link layer of OSI model.

 - Switch - A switch is a very common types of networking device that channels coming  data from any of multiple input ports  to the specific output port  that will take the data toward, its intended destination in a telecommunications network. The switch determines  from the physical device like MAC address in each incoming message frame which  output port to forward it to and out of.

 - Gateway - A gateway is network node which connects two networks in different protocols. Gateway can take several forms, including routers or computers and can performs a variety of tasks.
 These range from simply passing traffic on to the next hop on its path to offering complex traffic filtering, proxies or protocol translations at various network layers.



  - Router - Router is one of the most used networking devices used to sharing internet connection between two devices. The operation of router is complicate as it can be both software and hardware and operate at layer 3 of OSI.


 - Modem - MODEM stands for modulator-demodulator . A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines. A modem converts between these two forms (analog to digital and vice versa).



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