Operating System

  Introduction to OS

 - An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware  and software resources and provide common services for computer programs. For hardware functions  such as input, output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between the programs and the computer hardware.

 The two types of major software are System Software and Application Software.

An operating system performs following functions :

- Device Management

- Memory and file storage management

- Process management

- User application program management

-Error management

- CPU scheduling 

- Providing interface between user and computer system foe interaction.

Types of operating system

Based on user interface , an operating system is classified as:

Graphical User Interface(GUI)- Provides interface having icons, menus etc. to the user to interact with the computer. for example, windows, Linux etc. 

Command Line Interface(CLI) - Provides interface that allows user to enter commands as texts to interact with the computer. for example, MS-DOS, Unix etc.

Different types of operating system According to mode of use :

- Network operating System - Is an operating system designed to support a network. It enable various computers connected to the network to share resources such as data, file, devices etc.

Client operating system - Is an operating system that runs on a desktop or notebook computers. It also known as standalone operating system.

IOS - IOS stands for Internetwork Operating System, these are the most used versions in Cisco Routers and Switches.

RTOS - Real Time Operating System - These are the OS designed for mobile devices for real time response. example is Android.

Types of OS based on user environment  and task :

Single user and single task - A user can perform single task at a given point of time .ex, MS-DOS.

Single user with multi-tasking - A single user can run multiple programs, ex, windows or mac environment.

Network operating systems are :

windows server 2012

windows server 2008

windows server 2003

windows server 2000

Linux

Unix 

Netware

Client operating systems are :

windows 10

windows 8.1, 8

windows 7

windows Vista

windows XP

windows 95/98

MS-DOS

Minimum hardware requirements  for installing windows 10-

Processor - 1 gigahertz(GHZ) or faster processor  or SoC

RAM - 1 gigabyte(GB) for 32 bit or 2 GB for 64 bit

Hardware Space - 16  GB for 32 bit  OS , 20 GB for 64 bit OS

Graphics card - DirectX 9 or later with WDDM 1.0 driver

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